As the epitome of motherly love (vaatsalyam) in Hindu mythology, Yashoda has been immortalized by saints, storytellers, poets and singers. While comparisons are mere exercises in futility, it is hard to think of anyone who has expounded Yashoda’s love better or more elaborately than Periyaazhwaar. And the following lines (from the decad வெண்ணையளைந்த) is probably the best of them all.

"கறந்த நற்பாலும் தயிரும் கடைந்து உறிமேல் வைத்த வெண்ணெய்*
பிறந்ததுவே முதலாகப்  பெற்றறியேன் எம்பிரானே!*
சிறந்த நற்றாய்அலர்தூற்றும் என்பதனால் பிறர்முன்னே*
மறந்தும்உரையாட மாட்டேன் மஞ்சன மாட நீவாராய்."

(The decad is very popular, and it is recited in temples during thirumanjanam (sacred ablution). Krishna is a playful, troublesome child, who refuses to take bath. But Yashoda is insistent that he must, and in this decad, entreats him to bathe.)

The verse quoted above roughly translates to “O Krishna, since the day you were born, I have observed that the milk, curds and butter that I store safely in this house vanish mysteriously. Since I know that you’re fond of these, I can understand what became of those. Your real mother (Devaki) will not be very pleased to know about your pranks. Worry not, as I will not reveal this to her. Now, please come and take bath.”

Brilliant!

 

Sundara Kaandam is considered by many as among the most beautiful sections of the Ramayana. Indeed the title itself serves as an adjective (sundara = beautiful), while another meaning could be that it is the set of chapters about Hanuman (Sundara being one of his names).

One of the most celebrated sections of the Sundara Kaandam is the meeting between Hanuman and Sita. A significance of this is that to establish his bona fides to a doubting Sita (who thinks Hanuman is just another raakshasa trying to trick her into marrying Ravana), Hanuman cites multiple events from the past, which Ravana or his henchmen cannot possibly be aware of. In essence, Hanuman summarizes the epic up until that moment. (In Valmiki’s Ramayana, this roughly corresponds to sargas – chapters — 31 through 36 of the Sundara Kaanda.)

Periyaazhwaar captures this scene in an incredibly moving set of ten verses in the Divya Prabandham in the decad titled “நெறிந்த கருங்குழல்” (section 3.10; verses 318 – 327). The decad is constructed as follows. In the first seven verses, each ending with the words “ஓர் அடையாளம்” (roughly, “a proof of my identity”), Hanuman provides instances from the past to prove that he is really a friend of Rama, and that he has come to Lanka to rescue Sita. The examples cited are Rama disrupting Parasurama’s penance when the latter had wanted to prevent Rama from marrying Sita, a private moment when Sita garlanded Rama on a clear moonlit night, the couple departing from Ayodhya along with Lakshmana, Rama’s friendship with Gughan, the visit of Bharata, the pardoning of Jayanta, and the Maareecha episode.

After citing these instances, Hanuman produces Rama’s ring and gives it to Sita (verse 8), and Sita gets it from him (verse 9) and confirms that the ring does indeed belong to Rama (மோதிரம்கண்டு ஒக்குமால் அடையாளம் அனுமான்) and is overjoyed (உச்சிமேல் வைத்துக் கொண்டு உகந்தனள்).

The decad is a personal favorite, and I find each of the verses delectable. I have presented here a selection of four verses. I have decided to keep explanations to a minimum so as not to insult your intelligence, and also to let you appreciate the verses on your own without needing to overcome the impediment of my half-baked explanations.

அல்லியம் பூமலர்க் கோதாய்! அடிபணிந்தேன் விண்ணப்பம்
சொல்லுகேன் கேட்டருளாய் துணைமலர்க் கண்மடமானே!
எல்லியம் போதினிதிருத்தல் இருந்ததோரிட வகையில்
மல்லிகை மாமாலை கொண்டுஅங்கு ஆர்த்ததும் ஓரடையாளம்.

(Verse 2 of the decad. Notice how Hanuman presses Sita, spending the first two lines of the four — precious airtime, if I may add — entreating her to listen to him. எல்லியம்போது = night time)

சித்திரகூடத்து இருப்பச் சிறுகாக்கை முலைதீண்ட
அத்திரமே கொண்டெறிய அனைத்துலகும் திரிந்தோடி
வித்தகனே! இராமாவோ! நின்னபயம் என்றுஅழைப்ப
அத்திரமே அதன்கண்ணை அறுத்ததும் ஓரடையாளம்.

(Verse 6. This is slightly difficult to understand if you do not know the incident being described, which runs thus. When Rama and Sita were in Chitrakoota, Jayanta, the son of Indra, took the form of a crow and intruded into Sita’s privacy. An enraged Rama decided to fell Jayanta using a brahmaastra. Terrified, Jayanta fled to wherever he could, but try as he might, he could not dodge the fabled arrow. Jayanta finally sought refuge in Rama himself – வித்தகனே! இராமாவோ! நின் அபயம் — and was thus spared from certain death.)

மைத்தகு மாமலர்க் குழலாய்! வைதேவீ! விண்ணப்பம்
ஒத்தபுகழ் வானரக்கோன் உடனிருந்து நினைத்தேட
அத்தகுசீர் அயோத்தியர்கோன் அடையாளமிவை மொழிந்தான்
இத்தகையால் அடையாளம் ஈதுஅவன்கை மோதிரமே.

(Verse 8. Here, Hanuman produces Rama’s ring.)

திக்குநிறை புகழாளன் தீவேள்விச் சென்றநாள்
மிக்கபெருஞ் சபைநடுவே வில்லிறுத்தான் மோதிரம்கண்டு
ஒக்குமால் அடையாளம் அனுமான்! என்றுஉச்சிமேல்
வைத்துக் கொண்டு உகந்தனளால் மலர்க்குழலாள் சீதையுமே. (9)

Speechless!

 
Sarangapani Temple, Kumbakonam

Image by Senthil Mentil via Flickr

In writing about Thirumazhisai Aazhwar’s “கிடந்தவாறு எழுந்திருந்து பேசு வாழி கேசனே” verse, I had stated that this is something that people instantly recall when they think of the SArangapANi / ArAvamudhan temple. But that is not the only verse that is intimately associated with the sacred temple town.

In the classic book, “Hindu Dharma” (Tamil original: தெய்வத்தின் குரல் / Deivaththin Kural), the Shankaracharya of the Kanchi Mutt, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswati, speaks eloquently about the exalted status of Kumbakonam as a sacred place. And he quotes:

அன்யக்ஷேத்ரே க்ருதம் பாபம் புன்யக்ஷேத்ரே வினஸ்யதி

புன்யக்ஷேத்ரே க்ருதம் பாபம் வாரணாஸ்யாம் வினஸ்யதி

வாரணாஸ்யாம் க்ருதம் பாபம் கும்பகோணே வினஸ்யதி

கும்பகோணே க்ருதம் பாபம் கும்பகோணே வினஸ்யதி

This verse is easy to understand. “If you commit a sin, you can atone for it in a holy place. But if you commit a sin in a holy place, it can be cleansed off only in Varanasi. If you commit a sin in Varanasi itself, you can expiate it in Kumbakonam. However, if you commit a sin in Kumbakonam, you can relinquish it only in Kumbakonam.”

In short, the verse claims that Kumbakonam is holier, more sacred than Varanasi, which is considered the holiest of places in the world.

P.S.: While translating the poem, I went from Sanskrit to Tamil to English. I couldn’t resist throwing in one other language.

 

The SArangapANi Temple at Kumbakonam (Thiru Kudanthai) ranks high in the hierarchy of Srivaishnava temples. It is one of the Pancharanga kshetrams – the five Ranganatha temples along the banks of the Kaveri river.

The temple complex is imposing from the outside, and unique with regards to its innermost prakaaram – the sanctum sanctorum, which is in the form of a chariot. Lord Sarangapani is also known as ArAvamudhan. Nammaazhwar, in a verse that is synonymous with the temple itself, refers to the Lord as ஆரா அமுதே (ArA = immeasurable; amudham = nectar).

Another verse that people immediately recall when thinking about the temple is from the Thiru Chanda Viruththam by Thirumazhisai Aazhwar. The verse also explains the unique posture of the Lord. He is referred to as uththAna sAyee. In some temples (Srirangam, for example), Lord Narayana can be found in the reclining position. In Kudanthai, the posture is as if the Lord is just getting up from the reclining position. Here is the verse, and even as I type it, I can recall my grandfather reciting it:

நடந்த கால்கள் நொந்தவோ? நடுங்கும் ஞாலம் ஏனமாய்
இடந்த மெய் குலுங்கவோ? விலங்கு மால் வரைச்சுரம்
கடந்த கால் பரந்த காவிரிக் கரைக் குடந்தையுள்
கிடந்தவாறு எழுந்திருந்து பேசு வாழி கேசனே!

Thirumazhisai Aazhwaar looks at Lord Sarangapani, then in the reclining position, and asks Him, “Lord, do You feel pain in Your legs?” He adds, “Do You, the One, when in Varaha avatara, who supported the earth when it was unstable (நடுங்கும் ஞாலம்) feel tired now?”

“You are here in Kudanthai, on the fertile banks of the River Cauvery, which itself has crossed rough terrain, mountains and barren lands (விலங்கு மால் வரைச்சுரம்) on its way. Why don’t You rise just a little (கிடந்தவாறு எழுந்திருந்து) and talk to me, O Lord?”

Legend has it that, as Thirumazhisai Aazhwaar completed singing this verse, the Lord got up just a little to acknowledge him. Hence the uththAna sayanam.

 

Today I heard someone talk about preserving the history and heritage of towns and cities. During this, he referred to the city of Chester, Pennsylvania. The city, it seems, had a historic sign (now taken down, sadly) which read “What Chester makes makes Chester.” Which quote bowled the listeners over.

This set met thinking on a quote and an anecdote on similar lines. The quote is attributed to Aristotle and popularized by software quality assurance managers when they send us programmers their bug reports and statuses. It goes thus: “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is a habit.” I have always found it very inspiring (though the bugs just never seemed to abate).

The story is not as well-known. It relates to the first and the last verses of The Bhagavad Gita, which many consider as containing the definitive essence of Hinduism. The Gita starts with the words “dharma kshetre kurukshetre…” and ends with the words “… dhruva nitir matir mama.” Some scholars believe that there is a particular significance to the last and the first words of the Gita. When combined, it reads “mama dharma“, a literal translation of which is “my justice“.

The essence of the Gita is captured in verse 66 of chapter 18 (sarva dharmaan parityajya), which urges man to refrain from making judgments, and lead a full life by considering all his actions as leading to a surrender to God (maam ekam sharanam vraja). When seen in this light, the term mama dharma, argue some, must be interpreted as Lord Krishna telling His listener(s) “My life is my justice.”

I have come to realize that we spend an inordinate amount of time and energy in judging others, and weighing the theoretical aspects of problem. Consequently, we have very little time to act. This restricts our potential, and we end up sensing the gap between what could have been and what really is.

An idea that is succinctly put forth by Swami Vivekananda as follows…

“Don’t come here any more if you think any task too difficult. Through the grace of the Lord, everything becomes easy of achievement. Your duty is to serve the poor and the distressed without distinction of caste and creed. What business have you to consider the fruits of your action? Your duty is to go on working, and everything will set itself right in time, and work by itself. My method of work is to construct, and not to destroy that which is already existing….You are all intelligent boys and profess to be my disciples — tell me what you have done. Couldn’t you give away one life for the sake of others? Let the reading of Vedanta and the practice of meditation and the like be left for the next life! Let this body go in the service of others — and then I shall know you have not come to me in vain!”

(Thanks, Gokul, for the quote.)

 

“It is not God that is worshipped but the group or authority that claims to speak in His name. Sin becomes disobedience to authority not violation of integrity.” – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

 
Most people in Chennai would be baffled to know that there is a famous locality in the city whose name translates to “Sacred Lily Tank”. This one can attribute partly to the classicism of the name, and partly to the anglicism of the same.
Triplicane, a name which which actually can pass of as a borough in some English county, is the anglicised form of Thiruvallikkeni, whose Tamilised form is thiru alli keni, and hence sacred lily tank. I consider the Parthasarathy temple in Triplicane different, rather unique because it is probably the only temple where one can find Lord Vishnu sporting a moustache. The explanation I got was that the Lord (Partha + sarathy = charioteer to Arjuna, the fabled bowman) was taking part in the Mahabharata war, and hence he was depicted as being bellicose.

The pushkarini or the temple tank (from which the area derives its name) is generally dry around the year owing the lack of rains in Chennai. This time, however, thanks to the more-than-copious rainfall, the tank is a visitor’s delight.

Here are a couple of pictures I received in the mail. The pictures were taken on the 1st of January, and show the tank full of water. Nice ones, I thought. For those who know the place, the sender wishes to add that the photos were taken from east to west, in front of the Yadhugiri Mantap.


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